july 10 2010

Posted on July 12, 2010 by tranhazhu

Zhu is born .  6lbs and 3.5 oz .  Today he is almost 12 lbs .  he

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Muo^’n +Da’nh ba.i Ha~i qua^n Trung Hoa

Posted on July 5, 2010 by tranhazhu

Millennium Challenge 2002 (MC02) was a major wargame exercise conducted by the United States armed forces in mid-2002, likely the largest such exercise in history. The exercise, which ran from July 24 to August 15 and cost $250 million, involved both live exercises and computer simulations. MC02 was meant to be a test of future military “transformation“—a transition toward new technologies that enable network-centric warfare and provide more powerful weaponry and tactics. The simulated combatants were the United States, denoted “Blue”, and an unknown adversary in the Middle East, “Red”.

Exercise action

Red, commanded by retired Marine Corps Lt. General Paul K. Van Riper, used old methods to evade Blue’s sophisticated electronic surveillance network. Van Riper used motorcycle messengers to transmit orders to front-line troops and World War II lighting signals to get airplanes off the runways without using radio communication.

On the second day of the exercise Red used a fleet of small boats to determine the position of Blue’s fleet. Without warning, Red launched a massive salvo of cruise missiles, overwhelming the Blue forces’ electronic sensors, destroying sixteen warships. This includes one aircraft carrier, ten cruisers and five out of the six amphibious ships. The equivalent of this success in a real conflict would have resulted in the death of over 20,000 service personnel. Soon after the cruise missile offensive, another significant portion of Blue’s navy was “sunk” by an armada of small Red boats carrying out both conventional and suicide attacks, able to engage Blue forces due to Blue’s inability to detect them as well as expected.[1]

At this point, the exercise was suspended and Blue’s ships were “re-floated” and changes were made to the rules of engagement; later this was justified by General Peter Pace as: “You kill me in the first day and I sit there for the next 13 days doing nothing, or you put me back to life and you get 13 more days’ worth of experiment out of me. Which is a better way to do it?”[2] In the new restarted exercise the different sides were ordered to follow predetermined plans of action, leading to allegations that the exercise was scripted and “$250 million was wasted”.[3] Due to his concerns about the scripted nature of the new exercise, Van Riper resigned his position in the midst of the war game. Van Riper later expressed concern that the wargame’s purpose had shifted to reinforce existing doctrine and notions of infallibility within the U.S. military rather than serve as a learning experience. He was quoted in the BBC–Discovery Channel documentary The Perfect War[4] as saying that what he saw in MC02 echoed the same attitudes taken on by the Department of Defense of Robert McNamara going in to and during the Vietnam War, namely the idea that the U.S. military could not and will not be defeated.

[edit] References

  1. ^ Arquilla, John, “The New Rules of War“, Foreign Policy, March/April 2010.
  2. ^ Borger, Julian (2002-09-06). “Wake-up call”. The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2002/sep/06/usa.iraq. Retrieved 2010-05-12. 
  3. ^ “The Immutable Nature of War”. Nova. PBS. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/wartech/nature.html. 
  4. ^ “New York Times Television Co-Produces News Documentary The Perfect War with Germany’s ZDF”. 2004-03-23. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EIN/is_2004_March_23/ai_114531926. 

[edit] External links

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We have to understand our enemy from Harriman

Posted on July 5, 2010 by tranhazhu

W. Averell Harriman (1891-1986), American industrialist and financier, had a distinguished second career as a top-level diplomatic negotiator for five Democratic presidents. He was Governor of New York for one term.

Harriman was born in 1891 during the administration of President Benjamin Harrison and died in 1986 during Ronald Reagan’s first term; he first visited Siberia under the reign of Czar Nicholas II at age 7, and at age 91 made his last visit to Moscow to meet the new Soviet leader, Yuri Andropov. As a 35 year-old investment banker and industrialist, Harriman conducted mining negotiations with Leon Trotsky, and subsequently dealt directly as a diplomat with every Soviet leader from Stalin to Andropov. He worked on New Deal projects for President Franklin Roosevelt, and in 1943 was appointed Ambassador to the Soviet Union by FDR. After the war, he was President Harry Truman’s ambassador to Great Britain and later, secretary of commerce, chief negotiator in Europe for the Marshall Plan, and special assistant to the president. In the Kennedy administration, Harriman served as ambassador at large, reporting directly to the president; as assistant secretary for Far Eastern affairs, he negotiated the Laos neutrality accords; and, at 71 years of age, as undersecretary of state for political affairs, he conducted successful negotiations with Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev for the historic limited Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. Under Lyndon Johnson, Harriman was again named Ambassador at Large, and then, more vaguely, “Ambassador for Peace;” in both capacities, he met with heads of state around the globe, and in 1968 spent the last seven months of his negotiating career as Johnson’s emissary to the Paris Peace talks on Viet Nam. Finally, at age 84 and in Moscow once again, Harriman gave Leonid Brezhnev assurances that candidate Jimmy Carter was seriously interested in nuclear arms reduction. At a celebration of Harriman’s 90th birthday, Senator Edward Kennedy saluted the honoree by saying, “We couldn’t have held the twentieth century without him.”

Son of E.H. Harriman, the last and perhaps greatest of the 19th century “railroad barons, ” William Averell Harriman was born in 1891 to a world of riches and power. His father taught his that “great wealth is an obligation”, and he always followed his father’s admonition to “be something and somebody.” Traveling with his parents, Harriman had toured Europe in some depth before he went to prep school, and he was in Tokyo in 1905 when riots broke out over Japanese opposition to the terms of the treaty ending the Russo-Japanese war. His worldly experience led him to see the United States as part of a global community. He thought of the oceans as avenues of commerce instead of shields isolating America from foreign enemies.

Harriman graduated from Yale University in 1913, having already been elected to the board of the Union Pacific Railroad. Although vice president of the Union Pacific Railroad from 1915-1917, the young Harriman was wealthy enough to afford other business interests. During the next decade, with the perception that the United States had no significant merchant marine fleet, he bought a shipyard and began producing “prefabricated” freighters. He ventured into mining operations in Soviet Georgia, copper in Silesia (eastern Europe), oil in Iran, a power plant in Poland, gold in South America. In 1927, Harriman and his younger brother Roland went into banking; at the end of two years, they were handling accounts for hundreds of importers and exporters; at the end of another year, and not too long after the great Wall Street crash, they merged with their biggest competitor to become Brown Brothers Harriman and Company. Harriman became involved in aviation, as an original investor in a forerunner of Pan American Airways, and in publishing, with a national magazine called Today, “an independent journal of public affairs” whose first subscriber was FDR; Today eventually merged with News Week

In his earlier years, Harriman was something of a sportsman, vigorously involved with polo, racehorses, and bird dogs. After the 1932 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid, NY, Harriman began to think about developing a destination ski resort somewhere in the western United States, accessible of course by Union Pacific passenger trains. He hired a young Austrian count and skier to scout the entire American west for the spot that met all of Harriman’s requirements. The count was about to give up when he heard about Ketchum, “a backwater sheep town” in south central Idaho. It met all the requirements, and with the help of a (non-skiing) publicist who came up with a name and sold Harriman on the idea of making it a destination resort for the famous and glamorous, Sun Valley was born. In a short time, it was a big success, and while not a big profit-maker for the railroad, for Harriman Sun Valley “was the most satisfying venture of his business career.”

The elder Harriman had been a Republican, but the son had never taken an active interest in politics, becoming a Democrat partly because of his sister Mary Harriman’s friendships in the White House (the president was “Franklin”) and her enthusiasm for the New Deal. He spent a good deal of time in Washington in the administration’s first two years, looking after his own business interests rather than for a job; nevertheless, Harriman understood that real power in America has shifted from New York’s financial district to Washington, and he “found joy in the exercise of power.” Harriman’s public career began in January, 1934, administering the National Recovery Administration’s codes for heavy industry.

As Ambassador to the Soviet Union, Harriman performed services of the first importance. He attended the international conferences at Teheran and Yalta and provided excellent information regarding Soviet affairs. Optimistic at first about the possibility of good relations with Moscow, by 1945 Harriman changed his mind and began advocating a firm attitude toward the Soviets. Still, he never became an ideologue about the Soviets and always believed in treating them with firmness and patience.

Interspersed with Harriman’s life as a globe-trotting diplomatic, there was Harriman the politician. He sought the Democratic party nomination for president in 1952 and 1956 and had considered running for the U.S. senate. In 1954, he won the New York Democratic nomination for governor, beating FDR, Jr., and managed to turn what had looked like a landslide victory in the general election into a “squeaker” victory of 11, 000 votes. Harriman’s oratorical skills have been described as “wooden” and “paralytically boring.” He was said to be “incapable of humor or repartee, ” and people thought him aloof and reserved. Harriman tried for a second term but lost to Nelson Rockefeller; nevertheless, for years after, he was called “Governor.”

Harriman’s 14-year marriage to his first wife, Kitty, ended in divorce; his second wife, Marie, died after 41 years of marriage; his third wife, Pamela Churchill Harriman, was with him for the last 15 years of his life (she later served as ambassador to France in the Clinton administration until her death in 1997).

The last half or more of Harriman’s life was spent as a public figure in the company of almost all the world leaders who defined and drove the twentieth century. The British political scientist Isaiah Berlin said Harriman “was an irreplaceable asset to the U.S. government and to the entire West because of an uncanny sense of what, as negotiator, could work, and what could not. In the most essential aspects of international relations, he seemed to be virtually infallible.” Harriman’s longevity at the top levels of government was said to be “because power and access to power, influence, and knowledge were his mother’s milk.” Of Averell Harriman’s passing Pamela Churchill Harriman said, “He just decided that enough was enough

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Con ca’o gia` cu?a sie^u quye^`n lua^.t cu?a Hoa ky`

Posted on July 5, 2010 by tranhazhu

Bie^’t mi`nh bie^’t ta tra(m tra^.n tra(m tha(‘ng

Thuong ve^` Ba Tra^`n Thanh Chie^u va` Cu. Ngo^ +Di`nh Die^.m trong gia^’c mo^.ng kho^ng tha`nh

Con ca’m o*n Ba +da? da.y con

W. Averell Harriman

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William Averell Harriman
In office
January 1, 1955 – December 31, 1958
Lieutenant George De Luca
Preceded by Thomas E. Dewey
Succeeded by Nelson A. Rockefeller
United States Ambassador to the Soviet Union
In office
23 October 1943 – 24 January 1946
President Harry S. Truman
Preceded by William H. Standley
Succeeded by Walter Bedell Smith
In office
1946–1946
Preceded by John G. Winant
Succeeded by Lewis W. Douglas
In office
October 7, 1946 – April 22, 1948
President Harry S. Truman
Preceded by Henry A. Wallace
Succeeded by Charles W. Sawyer
Born November 15, 1891(1891-11-15)
New York City, New York
Died July 26, 1986 (aged 94)
Yorktown Heights, New York
Political party Democratic
Spouse(s) Kitty Lanier Lawrence (divorced)
Marie Norton Whitney (her death)
Pamela Beryl Digby Churchill Hayward
Alma mater Yale University
Signature

William Averell Harriman (November 15, 1891  – July 26, 1986) was an American Democratic Party politician, businessman, and diplomat. He was the son of railroad baron E. H. Harriman. He served as Secretary of Commerce under President Harry S. Truman and later as the 48th Governor of New York. He was a candidate for the Democratic Presidential Nomination in 1952, and again in 1956 when he was endorsed by President Truman but lost to Adlai Stevenson. Harriman served President Franklin D. Roosevelt as special envoy to Europe and served as the U.S. Ambassador to the Soviet Union and U.S. Ambassador to Britain. He served in various positions in the Kennedy and Johnson administrations.

Contents

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[edit] Early life

William Averell Harriman was born in New York City, the son of railroad baron Edward Henry Harriman and Mary Williamson Averell, and brother of E. Roland Harriman. Harriman was a close friend of Hall Roosevelt (brother of Eleanor Roosevelt).

During the summer of 1899, Harriman’s father organized the Harriman Alaska Expedition, a philanthropic-scientific survey of coastal Alaska and Russia that attracted twenty-five of the leading scientific, naturalist and artist luminaries of the day, including John Muir, John Burroughs, George Bird Grinnell, C. Hart Merriam, Grove Karl Gilbert, and Edward Curtis, along with 100 family members and staff, aboard the steamship George Elder. Young Harriman would have his first introduction to the nation – Russia – that he would spend a significant amount of attention on in his later life in public service.

He attended Groton School in Massachusetts before going on to Yale where he joined the Skull and Bones society. He graduated in 1913. After graduating, he inherited the largest fortune in America and became Yale’s youngest Crew coach.

[edit] Business affairs

Using money from his father, in 1922 he established W.A. Harriman & Co, a banking business. In 1927, his brother Roland joined the business and the name was changed to Harriman Brothers & Company. In 1931, they merged with Brown Bros. & Co. to create the highly successful Brown Brothers Harriman & Co.. Notable employees included George Herbert Walker and his son-in-law Prescott Bush.

Harriman’s main properties included Brown Brothers & Harriman & Co, Union Pacific Railroad, Merchant Shipping Corporation, and various venture capital investments including the Polaroid Corporation. Harriman’s associated properties included the Southern Pacific Railroad (including the Central Pacific Railroad), Illinois Central Railroad, Wells Fargo & Co., the Pacific Mail Steamship Co., American Shipping & Commerce (HAPAG), the American Hawaiian Steamship Co., United American Lines, the Guaranty Trust Company, and the Union Banking Corporation.

[edit] Thoroughbred racing

Following the death of August Belmont, Jr. in 1924, Harriman, George Walker, and Joseph E. Widener purchased much of Belmont’s Thoroughbred breeding stock. Harriman raced under the name of Arden Farms. Among his horses, Chance Play won the 1927 Jockey Club Gold Cup. As well, he raced in partnership with Walker under the name Log Cabin Stable before buying him out. U.S. Racing Hall of Fame inductee Louis Feustel, trainer of Man o’ War, trained the Log Cabin horses until 1926. [1] Of the partnership’s successful runners purchased from the August Belmont estate, Ladkin is best remembered for defeating the European star Epinard in the International Special No. 2.

[edit] War seizures controversy

While Averell Harriman served as Senior Partner of Brown Brothers Harriman & Co., Harriman Bank was the main Wall Street connection for German companies and the varied U.S. financial interests of Fritz Thyssen, who had been an early financial backer of the Nazi party until 1938, but who by 1939 had fled Germany and was bitterly denouncing Adolf Hitler. Business transactions for profit with Nazi Germany were not illegal when Hitler declared war on the US, but, six days after the attack on Pearl Harbor, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed the Trading With the Enemy Act after it had been made public that U.S. companies were doing business with the declared enemy of the United States. On October 20, 1942, the U.S. government ordered the seizure of Nazi German banking operations in New York City. [citation needed]

The Harriman business interests seized under the act in October and November 1942 included: [citation needed]

  • Union Banking Corporation (UBC) (for Thyssen and Brown Brothers Harriman).
  • Holland-American Trading Corporation (with Harriman)
  • the Seamless Steel Equipment Corporation (with Harriman)
  • Silesian-American Corporation (this company was partially owned by a German entity; during the war the Germans tried to take the full control of Silesian-American. In response to that, American government seized German owned minority shares in the company, leaving the U.S. partners to carry on the portion of the business in the United States.)

The assets were held by the government for the duration of the war, then returned afterward. UBC was dissolved in 1951.

[edit] Diplomatic and political career

Averell Harriman (center) with Winston Churchill (right) and Vyacheslav Molotov (left)

Harriman served President Franklin D. Roosevelt as special envoy to Europe, and was present at the meeting between Winston Churchill and the US president at Placentia Bay in August 1941. The outcome of this five-day meeting became known as the Atlantic Charter, a common declaration of principles of the US and the UK. He served as the US Ambassador to Soviet Union between 1943 and 1946 and the Ambassador to Britain in 1946.

In 1945, while Ambassador to the Soviet Union, Harriman was presented with a Trojan Horse gift. In 1952, the gift, a carved wood Great Seal of the United States, which had adorned “the ambassador’s Moscow residential office” in Spaso House, was found to be bugged.[1][2]

He was later appointed the United States Secretary of Commerce under President Harry S. Truman to replace Henry A. Wallace, a critic of Truman’s foreign policies. Harriman served between 1946 and 1948. He was then in Paris, where he was put in charge of the Marshall Plan, and had friendly relations with Irving Brown, a CIA agent charged of the international relations of the AFL-CIO [3][4]. Harriman was then sent to Teheran in July 1951 to mediate between Persia and Britain in the wake of the Persian nationalization of the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company.[5]

In the 1954 race to succeed Republican Thomas E. Dewey as Governor of New York, Harriman defeated Dewey’s protege, U.S. Senator Irving M. Ives, by a tiny margin. He served as governor for one term until Republican Nelson Rockefeller defeated him in 1958. As governor, he increased personal taxes by 11% but his tenure was dominated by his presidential ambitions. Harriman was a candidate for the Democratic Presidential Nomination in 1952, and again in 1956 when he was endorsed by Truman but lost (both times) to Illinois governor Adlai Stevenson. Harriman was generally considered to be on the left or liberal wing of the Democratic party, hence his losing out to the more moderate Stevenson.

His presidential ambitions defeated, Harriman became a widely-respected elder statesman of the party. In January 1961, he was appointed Ambassador at Large in the Kennedy administration, a position he held until November, when he became Assistant Secretary of State for Far Eastern Affairs. In December 1961, Anatoliy Golitsyn defected from the Soviet Union and accused Harriman of being a Soviet spy, but his claims were dismissed by the CIA and Harriman remained in his position until April 1963, when he became Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs. He retained that position through the transition to the Lyndon Johnson administration until March 1965 when he again became Ambassador at Large. He held that position for the remainder of Johnson’s presidency. Harriman was the chief US negotiator at the Paris peace talks on Vietnam.

Harriman is noted for supporting, on behalf of the State department, the coup against Vietnam president Ngo Dinh Diem in 1963. Johnson’s confession in the assassination of Diem could indicate some complicity on Harriman’s part.[6] [7]

Harriman received the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1969 and West Point’s Sylvanus Thayer Award in 1975.

[edit] Family life

His first marriage was to Kitty Lanier Lawrence, whom he had divorced before her death in 1936. He subsequently married Marie Norton Whitney, who left her husband, Cornelius Vanderbilt Whitney, to marry him. They remained married until her death in 1970.

His third and final marriage was in 1971 to Pamela Beryl Digby Churchill Hayward, the former wife of Winston Churchill‘s son Randolph, and widow of Broadway producer Leland Hayward. Harriman died in 1986 in Yorktown Heights, New York, aged 94. He and Pamela are buried at Arden Farm Graveyard in Arden, New York.

[edit] Summary of career

  • Vice President, Union Pacific Railroad Co., 1915-17
  • Director, Illinois Central Railroad Co., 1915-46
  • Member, Palisades Interstate Park Commission, 1915-54
  • Chairman, Merchant Shipbuilding Corp.,1917-25
  • Chairman, W. A. Harriman & Company, 1920-31
  • Partner, Soviet Georgian Manganese Concessions, 1925-28
  • Chairman, executive committee, Illinois Central Railroad, 1931-42
  • Senior partner, Brown Brothers Harriman & Co., 1931-46
  • Chairman, Union Pacific Railroad, 1932-46
  • Co-founded Today magazine with Vincent Astor, 1935-37 (merged with Newsweek in 1937)
  • Administrator and Special Assistant, National Recovery Administration, 1934-35
  • Founded, Sun Valley Ski Resort, Idaho, 1936
  • Chairman, Business Advisory Council, 1937-39
  • Chief, Materials Branch & Production Division, Office of Production Management, 1941
  • US Ambassador & Special Representative to the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, 1941-43
  • Chairman, Ambassador & Special Representative of the US President’s Special Mission to the USSR, 1941-43
  • US Ambassador to the USSR, 1943-46
  • US Ambassador, Britain, 1946
  • US Secretary of Commerce, 1946-48
  • United States Coordinator, European Recovery Program (Marshall Plan), 1948-50
  • Special Assistant to the U.S. President, 1950-52
  • US Representative and Chairman, North Atlantic Commission on Defense Plans, 1951-52
  • Director, Mutual Security Agency, 1951-53
  • Candidate, Democratic nomination for US President, 1952
  • Governor, State of New York, 1955-58
  • Candidate, Democratic nomination for US President, 1956
  • US Ambassador-at-large, 1961
  • United States Deputy Representative, International Conference on the Settlement of the Laotian, 1961-62
  • Assistant US Secretary of State, Far Eastern Affairs, 1961-63
  • Special Representative to the US President, Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, 1963
  • Under US Secretary of State, Political Affairs, 1963-65
  • US Ambassador-at-large, 1965-69
  • Chairman, President’s Commission of the Observance of Human Rights Year, 1968
  • Personal Representative of the US President, Peace Talks with North Vietnam, 1968-69
  • Chairman, Foreign Policy Task Force, Democratic National Committee, 1976
  • Member, American Academy of Diplomacy Charter, Club of Rome, Council on Foreign Relations, Knights of Pythias, Skull and Bones Society, Psi Upsilon Fraternity and the Jupiter Island Club.

[edit] See also

Search Wikimedia Commons Wikimedia Commons has media related to: W. Averell Harriman
  • Florence Jaffray Harriman
  • Papers of W. Averell Harriman, Library of Congress (see [2])
  • U.S. presidential election, 1952
  • U.S. presidential election, 1956

[edit] References

Text document with red question mark.svg

This article includes a list of references or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations where appropriate. (September 2009)

This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia’s quality standards. Please improve this article if you can. (November 2007)
  1. ^ The Great Seal
  2. ^ http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/R?r101:FLD001:E53490,E53490 INTRODUCTION TO `EMBASSY MOSCOW: ATTITUDES AND ERRORS’ – (BY HENRY J. HYDE, REPUBLICAN OF ILLINOIS) (Extension of Remarks – October 26, 1988) page [E3490]
  3. ^ Harry Kelber, « AFL-CIO’s Dark Past », 22 November 2004, on laboreducator.org
  4. ^ Frédéric Charpier, La CIA en France. 60 ans d’ingérence dans les affaires françaises, Seuil, 2008, p. 40-43. See also Les belles aventures de la CIA en France, 8 January, 2008, Bakchich.
  5. ^ http://www.bibliothecapersica.com/articles/v12f1/v12f1011.html
  6. ^ http://www.whitehousetapes.org/clips/1963_1104_jfk_vietnam_memoir.html
  7. ^ http://www.whitehousetapes.org/clips/1966_0201_lbj_mccarthy_vietnam.html

[edit] Bibliography

  • Rudy Abramson. Spanning the Century: The Life of W. Averell Harriman, 1891-1986 (1992), 779pp
    • review by Hogan, Michael J. “The Vice Men of Foreign Policy” . Reviews in American History 1993 21(2): 320-328. ISSN 0048-7511 Fulltext in Jstor
  • Bland, Larry I. “Averell Harriman, the Russians and the Origins of the Cold War in Europe, 1943-45.” Australian Journal of Politics and History 1977 23(3): 403-416. ISSN 0004-9522 Abstract: Portrays Harriman, Roosevelt’s lend-lease expediter in London, and later ambassador in Moscow, as representative of “the best in the American diplomatic tradition.” The rich, well travelled son of a railroad magnate broke with his class in 1932 and became a New Dealer. He took a “Wilsonian liberalism” into diplomatic affairs, but by 1943 urged hard reciprocal bargaining with the Russians. His optimism about Soviet postwar intentions was shaken in 1945 by the fate of Poland and the prisoners of war issue, and he became a pioneer “cold warrior.” By the 1960s he was wanting to “de-escalate the rhetoric.” Concludes that the irony of Harriman’s ambassadorship is that some of his sound advice of 1943-44 was ignored, while his rather shrill rhetoric of 1945 was accepted as expert advice.
  • Chandler, Harriette L. “The Transition to Cold Warrior: the Evolution of W. Averell Harriman’s Assessment of the U.S.S.R.’s Polish Policy, October 1943-Warsaw Uprising.” East European Quarterly 1976 10(2): 229-245. ISSN 0012-8449. Abstract: Although Harriman helped develop the philosophical foundations of the Containment Policy he approached his job as Ambassador to the USSR with considerable understanding and acceptance of the goals of Soviet foreign policy. His position was generally conciliatory toward the Soviet Union until Stalin’s stern refusal to aid the beleaguered Poles in the Warsaw Uprising convinced him that the “Soviet will could be bent, if at all, only by hard bargaining, a readiness to apply pressure by withholding favors, and a willingness to do without Soviet assistance in some other areas.” Based on recently declassified documents.
  • Clemens, Diane S. “Averell Harriman, John Deane, the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and the ‘Reversal of Co-operation’ with the Soviet Union in April 1945.” International History Review 1992 14(2): 277-306. ISSN 0707-5332. Discusses the events of April 1945 that led to a change in US policy concerning the Soviet Union. Harriman, ambassador to the Soviet Union, and Major-General John Deane, commanding general of the US military mission to Moscow, had been urging Roosevelt and the Joint Chiefs of Staff to take a firmer stance against Stalin and his plans for Eastern Europe, especially as they concerned the formation of the new government in Poland. After Roosevelt died, Harriman and Deane were able to convince President Harry Truman to stand firm, and by the end of the month US-Soviet relations were deteriorating. According to the author, the Cold War had begun.
  • Isaacson, Walter and Thomas, Evan. The Wise Men: Six Friends and the World They Made 1986. 853 pp.
  • Langer, John Daniel. “The Harriman-beaverbrook Mission and the Debate over Unconditional Aid for the Soviet Union, 1941.” Journal of Contemporary History 1979 14(3): 463-482. ISSN 0022-0094 Fulltext in Jstor. Abstract: US presidential adviser Harry Hopkins, suggested a mission to Moscow to determine Russian needs after the Nazi invasion. In mid-September 1941 W. Averell Harriman, US lend-lease representative in London, and Lord Beaverbrook, British supply minister, met with Joseph Stalin and offered incredibly generous aid. It was vainly anticipated that the USSR would reciprocate with information. Instead the formal protocol sealing the conference was but a restatement of Allied promises of specific help. The United States treated the protocol as sacred and even after Pearl Harbor gave preference to supplies to Russia before meeting the needs of American forces. Friendship with the Soviet Union, in the interest of peace, was to be won at any price.
  • Larsh, William. “W. Averell Harriman and the Polish Question, December 1943-August 1944.” East European Politics and Societies 1993 7(3): 513-554. ISSN 0888-3254. A detailed investigation of the Harriman Papers, resulting in an appeal for a reexamination of American foreign policy and diplomacy during World War II, especially regarding the Polish question, and a new look at the origins of the Cold War. Czechoslovakia’s Eduard Benes and the Czech solution had considerable influence on W. Averell Harriman and his optimistic belief that the USSR would honor its declarations for an independent Poland and exercise a restrained predominance in other East European matters.
  • Moynihan, Daniel Patrick and Wilson, James Q. “Patronage in New York State, 1955-1959.” American Political Science Review 1964 58(2): 286-301. ISSN 0003-0554 Fulltext in Jstor. Abstract: An analysis of the efforts of the Harriman administration “to discover and apply guidelines for patronage decisions which would optimize the attainment of two potentially conflicting goals,” namely, “staffing the government with competent and attractive administrators, and acquiring and consolidating power over the party apparatus.”
  • Paterson, Thomas G. “The Abortive American Loan to Russia and the Origins of the Cold War, 1943-1946.” Journal of American History 1969 56(1): 70-92. ISSN 0021-8723 Fulltext in Jstor. Abstract: In January 1945 the USSR requested a loan of six billion dollars from the United States to finance the purchase of industrial equipment, railroad equipment, and manufactured goods. Harriman dismissed the Russian terms as unreasonable and urged that the obvious Soviet need for a loan be used as a diplomatic weapon. The Truman administration followed this proposal, but failed to prepare Congress or public opinion for a loan and refused to enter into serious negotiations over it at Teheran. Russia was miffed at American “dollar diplomacy” at a time when a large British loan was negotiated at two percent interest. The USSR refused to accept the U.S. price of an “open door” in Eastern Europe, Soviet membership in Bretton Woods institutions, and compliance with U.S. international economic policy. The loan controversy may have worsened relations over reparations and East European questions.
  • Soares, John, “Averell Harriman Has Changed His Mind: The Seattle Speech and the Rhetoric of Cold War Confrontation,” Cold War History 9 (May 2009), 267–86.
  • Wehrle, Edmund F. “‘A Good, Bad Deal’: John F. Kennedy, W. Averell Harriman, and the Neutralization of Laos, 1961-1962.” Pacific Historical Review 1998 67(3): 349-377. ISSN 0030-8684 Abstract: In the case of Laos, Kennedy sought to establish a truly neutral government in the volatile region of Southeast Asia. At Kennedy’s behest, his special ambassador, W. Averell Harriman, sought a government in Laos that included nationalists, democrats, socialists, and Communists. Kennedy and Harriman secured Soviet support for a coalition government under Prince Souvana Phouma. In 1962 it looked as if the plan had been successful, but while the government remained in place for a decade Soviet and American support for true neutrality waned within a few years.

[edit] Primary sources

  • W. Averell Harriman. America and Russia in a changing world: A half century of personal observation (1971)
  • W. Averell Harriman. Public papers of Averell Harriman, fifty-second governor of the state of New York, 1955-1959 (1960)
  • Harriman, W. Averell and Abel, Elie. Special Envoy to Churchill and Stalin, 1941-1946. (1975). 595 pp.

[edit] External links

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phản hồi GS Chu Hảo

Posted on June 26, 2010 by tranhazhu

“1950 – 1965 là thời kỳ du nhập một cách hoàn chỉnh ý thức hệ đấu tranh giai cấp và phương pháp tư tưởng Maoist vào Việt Nam, qua các phong trào chính huấn tư tưởng, cải cách ruộng đất, chỉnh đốn tổ chức, phê phán nhân văn gia phẩm và chống “xét lại”;

>>>>>Bao nhiêu trí thức Việt Nam đả bị thanh trừng ?

“Khẩu hiệu “Trí, phú, địa hào đào tận gốc, trốc tận rễ”, nghe nói có từ thời Xô Viết Nghệ Tĩnh, nhưng hình như không có văn bản nào chứng tỏ đó là chủ trương chính thức của Đảng Cộng sản”.

>>> chỉ có hình ảnh va` người kể lại .. Vậy GS Chu Hảo đang ở đâu vậy . Chắc đang ở cung trăng.

“Cơ chế mất dân chủ với cái “vòng kim cô” ấy đã kìm hãm sự phát triển của đất nước ta đặc biệt từ khi giải phóng miền Nam”

>>> giới trí thức miền Nam đi tù hết thêm một mớ nửa .

“Trước hết phải thực hành Dân chủ ở trong nội bộ Đảng. Đảng Cộng sản Việt Nam là Đảng cầm quyền, trên thực tế Đảng lãnh đạo và chi phối toàn bộ hoạt động của xã hội”

>>> Bây giờ thế kỷ 21 . ĐCSVN đả có từ 60-70 năm rồi vậy có nghiã Cả một lịch sử không dân chủ ư ..

Đúng là Gà nuốt dây thung .

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Gởi Hồ Lan Hương

Posted on June 25, 2010 by tranhazhu

Con đường để đi đến một sự công bằng xã hội không chỉ vài năm hay vài bài viết mà chúng tớ phải đi hết cả cuộc đời chúng tớ, hay con cháu chúng tớ để đạt tới mục tiêu cuối cùng- Hồ Lan Hương

Hồ Lan Hương thân mến:
con Bắc kỳ rau muống = thằng Ngụy con .

Con Bắc Kỳ lớn lên được sự ưu đãi của chế độ . Thằng Ngụy con, cha đi tù, mất hết. Nó vựot biên, nuôi mộng trả thù cha, xây dựng lại đất nước .

35 năm sau con Bắc Kỳ thấy được sự thật, thằng Ngụy con quên thù nhỏ chỉ sợ Trung Hoa .

Chúng ta cuối cùng cũng là người Việt Nam . Chúng ta điều mong muốn Việt Nam đi lên .

Có những người Việt Nam hãi ngoại yêu đất nước Việt qua hành động như tổ chức Sun Flower, tổ chức tôn giáo mặc dầu họ rất bực mình với cách đối sử của quan lại của CPVN bây giờ .

Còn chính trị Xa lông thì thời nào cũng có . Hổng sao hết . Chuyện nhỏ thôi . Cứ để cho nói .

Dậy mà Đi. Nếu không cải cách thì Việt Nam sẻ đi vào con đường bế tất trầm trọng.

Đất nước Việt Nam bây giờ đả rơi vào tình trạng bế tắc, suy nghỉ thì mù mờ, kinh tế thì lệ thuộc, giáo dục thì bài chương, nhân bản thì bị chà đạp. Luật pháp thì không nghiêm minh. Và cuối cùng Trung Hoa sẻ không bỏ biển Đông.

Dậy mà đi góp phần vào cuộc cải cách .
Thằng Ngụy con.

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CPVN

Posted on June 24, 2010 by tranhazhu

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China and Viet Nam is bounded for collision in eastern Sea

Posted on June 23, 2010 by tranhazhu

I am Viet.   Therefore I am using eastern sea  or Bien Dong .  China do not have a choice not to take over those islands down their called South China sea.

Because Viet Nam claims on those islands put the stop on China expansion .  Futhermore control South China sea from China will prevent the US from get access .

All the negiotation are nice, but this time Viet Nam must prepare for war .  What in the US interest ..

Open sea .

One Viet Nam strong against China .

Therefore VNCS will live .

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My father

Posted on June 23, 2010 by tranhazhu

The Ups and Downs in General Hieu’s Military Career

General Hoang Xuan Lam wrote:

I had met Nguyen Van Hieu, a cadet officer class of Tran Hung Dao in 1950, when the South Vietnam army started to train commanders for its armed forces. His military career had climbed up gloriously, assuming the Command of 22nd Division, 5th Division and Deputy Corps Commander with the rank of Major General.

General Hieu’s military career had climbed up gloriously indeed; however, it was not without bumpers that slowed down the pace of its ascension.

First Bumper

When General Hieu’s father, at that time Deputy Director of Northern Police and Security Bureau, attended the graduation ceremony of 3rd Class Tran Hung Dao, a French instructor told him that cadet Hieu graduated with the highest scores; nevertheless, the official designated as first ranking was Bui Dzinh, who originated from Central Vietnam, to please Emperor Bao Dai.

It is unfortunate that the current situation does not allow to verify this fact by examining the records of cadet Bui Dzinh, who had been promoted from non-commissioned officer in the French Expeditionary Army, and cadet Hieu, a civilian who had to undergo an examination. However, Colonel Dinh Van Chung, AFVN, 3rd Class, always thought of General Hieu as the first ranking; he wrote on February 19, 1999:

I can never forget that day when the whole cadets’ Brigade was dressed in white uniform, discarding the “alpha” epaulet to be replaced by the brand-new First Lieutenant’s epaulet and kneeling in front of the National Altar to be sworn in.

In Hieu’s case, as the valedictorian, he represented his class in shooting four arrows to four different directions, symbolizing the liberated spirit of the youth that would engage us in all four avenues of life, then drew his sword high up to swear in. Up on the National Altar were inscribed these words: “Nation – Honor – Responsibility”, that’s the motto every officer of the Military Academy must follow faithfully.

After a few days, on 02/23/1999, he recanted:

Few days ago I sent you a short article on General Hieu. In that article I might have erred regarding Hieu being the valedictorian of Dalat 3rd Class. Please check and if there was an error I apologize, it had been already 50 years. The person that I might have mistaken was Bui Dzinh who scored very close to Hieu. Again please forgive me if there was any mistake. Chung.

This mistake is quite understandable since all the 3rd Class cadets were well aware cadet Hieu was the best in academic subjects (maths, French, English, etc…), the best in military subjects (tactical map reading, fire range shooting, general staff, discipline, etc…) and the best in physical education (high jump, field and track, weight throwing, etc…)

In the Hieu/Dzinh controversy, François Buis, voices the following opinion:

Regarding the 3rd Class Tran Hung Dao of the National Military Academy of Vietnam, based on information I have obtained, General Hieu had the highest grade in general knowlege and academic subjects but cadet Bui Dzinh was elected Valedictorian of this class due to his good knowlege in military subjects since the two were at the Military Academy, and not at the university of general instruction!

I also read the arguments on this issue (Valedictorian of 3rd Class/Dalat) – one said that Bui Dzinh had been referred by Bao Dai, another said that he originated from the center of Vietnam, the same region as Emperor Bao Dai… I don’t think these arguments are correct since there was not only one instructor who judged who was better… but it was a group of officers and instructors of the Military Academy. The Valedictorians of 1st and 2nd Classes (Nguyen Huu Co et Ho Van To) did not originated from the same region as the Emperor.

I keep contact with Mr. Bui Dzinh in France since I am a relative of his family, he confirmed that General Hieu had a good general education and was a graduated but Bui was elected Valedictorian of his class because of his strong point: military. He was promoted Lieutenant Colonel while residing in the United States with three friends: General Ho Van To, Lieutenant Colonel Tran Thien Khiem and Major Nguyen Duc Xich at the Army Command and General Staff College – Fort Leavenworth – Kansas in 1959. It was President Ngo Dinh Diem’s decision based on report of this college.

I don’t make the comparison between General Hieu and Mr. Bui Dzinh in terms of their military career since they were brothers-in-arms and cadets of the same class of the Military Academy. Bui put an end to his military career following the coup of 11/1/63 and the assassination of President Ngo Dinh Diem. He was put in “leave of absence without pay” by the decision of the “military revolution committee” in 1963 for serious offense: refuse to collaborate with the “committee” and the Two Stars were proposed to and taken up by Mr. Nhan Minh Trang to the 9th Infantry Division in Sadec on November 2, 1963. Bui said: “We lost the war against the communists since the death of Ngo Dinh Diem.” (Readers’ Comments #350)

Colonel Dinh Van Chung said that The Military Academy had molded him into an officer, worthy of that name, both physically and mentally. Later in this military career, cadet Hieu blossomed into an all around general.

Second Bumper

Right after his graduation, First Lieutenant Hieu was inflicted with tuberculosis and was admitted into Lanessan Hospital in Hanoi where received treatment for a while then released to home for a two year convalescent period. By July 1953, he was automatically promoted to Lieutenant, as dictated by regulations, slower than his classmates who already wore the grade of Captain for having ample opportunities to gain combat credits on the battlefields. General Lu Lan recounted:

After the graduation, I was assigned to a unit garrisoned in Quang Tri and participated continuously in many big operations. After being promoted to the rank of Captain, I was sent to Hanoi to attend a General Staff training class. I immediately sought out Hieu, who was convalescing at Lanessan hospital. We went to a diner on Hang Dao Street to talk. Hieu listened to my passionate narration of my military exploits with envy then lamented: “I am now disabled. I am doomed for the rest of my life.”

Third Bumper

By 1958, the American government increased the budget set aside for President Ngo Dinh Diem to send 7, 8 high ranking Vietnamese officers to attend the US Army Command and General Staff College in preparation for the command of a division and corps. With his college level and English proficiency, General Hieu should be among those first to be sent to attend this military training. But his turn only came in 1963.

Following is a list of officers who had attended the US Army Command and General Staff College that I was able to gather. Some attended the one-year session, some other attended the intensive five-month session, based on an individual’s readiness and on battlefields’ demands:

– 1955: Nguyễn Bảo Trị, Vĩnh Lộc, Trần Văn Hổ
– 1956: Bùi Đình Đạm, Cao Văn Viên, Nguyễn Vinh Michel, Huỳnh Văn Khương, Trần Thanh Chiêu
– 1957: Nguyễn Văn Chuân;, Tôn Thất Đính, Bùi Hữu Nhơn, Nguyễn Hữu Có
– 1958: Trần Ngọc Huyến, Nguyễn Khánh, Lữ Mộng Lan, Cao Hảo Hớn, Nguyễn Hữu Hạnh, Phạm Văn Đổng, Nguyễn Đức Thắng, Lâm Văn Phát
– 1959: Trần Ngọc Tám, Đỗ Cao Trí, Lê Văn Kim, Linh Quang Viên, Huỳnh Văn Cao, Mai Hữu Xuân, Nguyễn Duy Hinh
– 1960: Bùi Dzinh, Hồ Văn Tố, Trần Thiện Khiêm
– 1961: Nguyễn Xuân Trang, Nguyễn Vĩnh Nghi
– 1962: Phạm Quốc Thuần, Phạm Ngọc Sang, Tạ Thanh Long, Lý Trọng Song, Trần Thanh Phong
– 1963: Nguyễn Văn Hiếu, Nguyễn Xuân Thịnh, Đỗ Kế Giai, Phạm Đăng Lân, Phan Hữu Nhơn, Nguyễn Đức Xích, Ngô Dzu
– 1964: Đào Duy Ân, Lâm Quang Thi, Lâm Quang Thơ, Võ Văn Cảnh, Thẩm Nghĩa Bôi, Phạm Ngọc Thảo, Trương Quang Ân
– 1965: Phan Đình Soạn, Nguyễn Hợp Đoàn, Lê Văn Thân, Lê Ngọc Triển
– 1966: Lê Khắc Lý, Nguyễn Đình Sách, Trần Tử Oai, Trần Bá Di, Lý Bá Hỷ, Trần Văn Cẩm
– 1967: Phạm Kim Chung, Nguyễn Văn Chức
– 1968: Lê Trí Tín, Nguyễn Hữu Mai
– 1969: Nguyễn Ngọc Sáu, Chương Dzềnh Quây
– 1970: Nguyễn Tiến Lộc
– 1971: Đoàn Văn Liễu
– 1972: Trần Quang Khôi
– 1973: Lê Nguyên Vỹ
– 1974: Trần Văn Thưởng; Nguyễn Văn Hảo, Huỳnh Văn Lại, Phan Trọng SinhFourth Bumper

Since he was equally apt in combat/tactics and in general staff/strategy, when it came to select army branches at the graduation, General Hieu had hard time in making up his mind. Joining a combat army branch or unit, such as Airborne, Marine Corps, Armor, Artillery, and roaming the battlefields would provide more opportunites for quick advancement than working in the general staff field in an office. However, two factors had lead General Hieu to take the route of general staff: his health condition (tuberculosis) and his French proficiency (Because at the Joint General Staff, G heads were still French officers, it was the general practice to send officers who were fluent in French to work at the JGS). Captain Hieu held the position of G3 deputy head at JGS from 1953 to 1957. In 1957, Major Hieu followed General Don to Da Nang to become I Corps deputy chief of staff. In 1963, he was sent to attend a five-month intensive advanced military training at US Army Command and General Staff College. Upon graduation, he was assigned 1st Infantry Division Chief of Staff, under General Tri.

In the two years of 1963 and 1964, General Hieu had the opportunity for quick advancement when he was assigned to a combat position. Unfortunately, he only remained a short time in theses two positions and was reverted back to general staff position, jeopardizing his quick advancement. The first time, after the November 1963 coup, Major Hieu was promoted to Lieutenant Colonel. It was during that time that Lieutenant Colonel Hieu lead a unit of the 1st Infantry Division to encircle Can’s palace and met in private with Can, President Diem’s younger brother. He succeeded in persuading Can to order the palace guards to surrender without having to shoot a bullet. Then two weeks later,when General Tri was assigned I Corps Commander, in replacement of General Nghiem, General Tri promoted Lieutenant Colonel Hieu to Colonel and assigned him to be the interim 1st Infantry Division Commander. Mid-December 1963, the Junta of Generals, in order to assuage the opposition of the Buddhist sympathizers, swapped the positions of I and II Corps Commanders between General Tri and Nguyen Khanh. Colonel Hieu relinquished his 1st Infantry Division Commander position to Colonel Tran Thanh Phong and followed General Tri to Pleiku to be his II Corps Chief of Staff.

The second time General Hieu lost a combat opportunity was when after he was assigned by General Tri, II Corps Commander, to be 22nd Infantry Division Commander on 9/10/1964, he was pulled back by General Co who replaced General Tri as II Corps Commander, to his previous position of I Corps Chief of Staff on 10/24/1964. According to Vuong Hong Anh, “If Colonel Hieu remained as 22nd Division Commander the first time until after 10/1964, he would have been promoted to Brigadier General in the end of 10/1964. Reason: end of 10/1964, General Khanh, prior of relinquishing the government to a civilian authority (President Phan Khac Suu, Prime Minister Tran Van Huong) had signed a decree to promote to Brigadier General to all Colonels who was holding the position of Division Commander, Army Branch Commander, Corps Deputy Commander, like in the case of Du Quoc Dong who had been made Colonel on 9/15/1964 to be the Airborne Commander in replacement of General Cao Van Vien, was promoted to Brigadier General by reason of job position.”

It was not until General Vinh Loc gave to Colonel Hieu the command of 22nd Infantry Division on 6/12/1966 that kicked the advancement into high gear: one year later, one star; and the following year, two stars, due to combat achievements. Had he remained in the position of 1st Infantry Division Commander in 1963 and 22nd Infantry Division Commander in 1964 as above-mentionned, General Hieu undoubtedly would have snatched a third star.

Fifth Bumper

Those years at the helm of 5th Infantry Division had been the most fulfilling years for General Hieu. Enjoying total trust and support from General Tri, General Hieu had ample opportunity to unfold his tactical and strategic skills to the max. He wiped completely the VC out of the three provinces of Binh Duong, Binh Long and Phuoc Long. With such a feat, he merited another star and should be entrusted with the command of III Corps. That had been in fact General Tri’s request when President Thieu wanted him to replace General Lam as I Corps Commander in charge of Lam Son 719 Operation. However, Thieu rejected that request and nominated General Minh instead, when General Tri died suddenly in a helicopter accident in February 1971.

Not only were he not promoted, General Hieu was relieved of the command of 5th Infantry Division by General Minh after the withdrawal from Snoul.

Sixth Bumper

Afterwards General Hieu was transferred to Danang to hold the position of I Corps Deputy Commander, as an assistant to General Lam, one of his military academy classmates. It was only a sinecure position, which explains why later General Lam completely forgot General Hieu had served under him at I Corps from 6/1971 to 2/1972.

Seventh Bumper

Well aware he had been marginalized militarily, when Vice President Huong invited him to become his Special Assistant in charge of anti-corruption, General Hieu gladly accepted the invitation.

Although this function allowed him to deploy some of his other pluralistic skills, General Hieu nevertheless felt restless since his exceptional military skills were not put to use in one of the three big Easter 1972 battles in Kontum, Quang Tri and An Loc.

At the outset, because President Thieu underestimated General Hieu, he enjoyed relative freedom of action. Only relative freedom, since although he succeeded in the Military Pension Fund which caused the demise of General Vy as Defense Minister, General Hieu knew he could not touch two sacred cows: Air Vietnam, because its son’s director was about to marry President Thieu’s daughter, and General Dang Van Quang, because Quang was President Thieu’s Special Advisor.

Then when President Thieu saw General Hieu was getting too bold, daring even to investigate him, he limited General Hieu’s juridistion to the level of district chief and lower. A presidential pre-approval was required prior to commencing an investigation at province chief’s level. General Hieu’s hands were tied. Nevertheless, he continued to secretely build corruption dossiers of sizable crooks, among whom was General Quang, that he left in Vice President Huong’s hands when he returned to the Army in October 1973. It was this dossier that allowed Huong as the newly installed President in replacement of Thieu who resigned on April 21, 1975, to sign his very first decree of relieving General Quang of his Presidential Special Advisor. Thieu did dispatch an emissary to request Huong not to fire Quang and to allow him to resign instead. Huong turned down the request.

Eight Bumper

Disgusted in his powerless role in the fight of anti-corruption, General Hieu acquiesced to General Thuan’s invitation to work for him as his III Corps Deputy Commander in charge of Operations. In this capacity, he had the opportunity to exercise his tactical skills in the use of blitzkrieg tactic (lighting war) deploying a huge force equivalent to three divisions to assault 5th Division NVA’s HQ located in Svay Rieng Province, deep inside Cambodian territory.

Although he recognized General Hieu’s talents, President Thieu was afraid to entrust General Hieu with the command of III Corps and still wanted to use his talents by maintaining him as a Deputy Commander, while he assigned General Dong then General Toan to the position of III Corps Commander. But then finally, Thieu resorted to have General Hieu’s killed on April 8, 1975, two weeks prior to his resignation as President.

Conclusion

Despite of being independent, non-subservient, uncorrupt, straitghtforward and gentle, General Hieu was able to climb up gloriously the military hierarchic ladder. This fact shows that the authorities valued General Hieu’s exceptional talents, although they were unsympathetic to him, distrusted him and dared not make use of his talents to the maximum.

General Tran Van Don once said, Were there more generals of the same caliber as General Hieu’s in the ARVN, South Viet Nam would not have been lost into the hands of Communists.

As a way to conclude, I quote two comments (# 245 and # 294) from Readers’ Comments:

Each time I visited General Hieu’s Page, I got the impression I was standing in front of a Monumental Memorial, and was contemplating each page that recounts the Epic History of our country. Furthermore, besides all these Greatness, Epopee, I got the impression I also see right in front of my eyes the Sacred Soul, Valiant Spirit of a great General, with his finger pointing up showing the way to his countrymen. I respectfully lay everything in front of the memorial of Great General Nguyen Van Hieu, a great hero of our country in this modern time.

For a long while, I got to visit General Hieu’ Page again. If we just glance through this site, we would not notice the big difference between this site and some other sites regarding other men. After reading all the articles concerning General Hieu, I detected many values in Him that all the writers were able to touch upon a few. Taking the articles as a whole, it is a great enterprise depicting a great General. I also see that up to now, he has been given the rank of Major General, Lieutenant General, even General or Marshal, that still seems inadequate. In my opinion, may be a more exact word would be Illustrious General Nguyen Van Hieu. What do you think? I pray that you receive abundant help from the Holy Spirit in order to continue to work on honoring our Illustrious General, a Great Man of his people.

Nguyen Van Tin
March 15, 2005
Updated on 12.21.2008

general hieu
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Ông đại sứ Việt Nam tại Hoa Kỳ nó sai về điạ danh của biển

Posted on June 22, 2010 by tranhazhu

Ông ta đả du`ng chử South China Sea

Trong lúc Murray Heilbert dùng chử Eastern Sea

Hình như Murray nói đúng vì Murray đang nói theo phương diện một ngươi Viet Nam nhìn ra biển thì là Biển Đông của Việt Nam

Còn Le Công Phụng thi` nói từ c’ach nhi`n của Trung Hoa Biển Nam Trung Hoa

Ngôn từ câ`n phải chính sác

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